Description
Lecture “ID of Major Gems & Origin determination” by Dr Lore Kiefert pointing out how similarities in properties led to some serious confusion and to date it is not always possible to distinguish all sapphires from each other. The overlaps provide a continuous challenge for gem labs, and it was necessary to upgrade instrumentation to more high-cost machines, such as UV-VIS spectrometers, XRF spectrometers and LA ICP mass spectrometers.
Dr Lore Kiefert (Gemological Consultancy, Heidelberg, Germany) has worked at SSEF, AGTA and Gubelin labs as chief gemmologist and co-authored numerous gemmological publications in gemmological and scientific journals,
